DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani

Model Relasi dan Multiplisitas Pribadi: Pedagogi Karakter Kristen pada Peserta Didik di Daerah Konflik

Yosep Iswanto Padabang — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 16:49:15 +0700

Abstract. Conflict-prone personalities directly and indirectly impact the success of character education in school. This situation raises the question of what educational model Christian educators should implement to develop students' character. In the context of students exposed to conflict, understanding (Christian) character is not only limited to striving for an active relationship with God, but also the fellowship of personality becomes important to consider. I argue that to develop a character education model in conflict areas, educators need to understand students' personalities as diverse and possessing fellowship values. Drawing on the thinking of Jorge Lopez Gonzalez, in this study, I discuss the concept of character education in the face of multiplicity and the model of fellowship to restore personality.

Abstrak. Kepribadian yang rentan terhadap konflik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung memberikan pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pendidikan karakter di lingkungan sekolah. Kondisi ini memunculkan pertanyaan tentang model pendidikan apa yang sebaiknya diterapkan oleh pendidik Kristen untuk mengembangkan karakter peserta didik. Pada konteks peserta didik yang terpapar konflik, pemahaman tentang karakter (Kristen) tidak hanya dibatasi pada upaya memperjuangkan relasi aktif dengan Tuhan, namun kerapuhan kepribadian pun menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan. Saya berargumen bahwa untuk membangun model pendidikan karakter di daerah konflik, pendidik perlu memahami pribadi peserta didik sebagai pribadi yang beragam dan memiliki nilai-nilai kerapuhan. Dengan memanfaatkan pemikiran Jorge Lopez Gonzalez, dalam penelitian ini, saya mempercakapkan konsep pendidikan karakter dalam wajah multiplisitas dan model persekutuan untuk memulihkan kepribadian.

Liturgi Yang Hidup: Memaknai Kembali Liturgi Kristen melalui Penelusuran Sejarah Perkembangannya

Richardson Siwy — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 16:49:15 +0700

Abstract. Liturgy is often understood as a service that takes place in sacred spaces, even confined within them. However, in its historical origins, liturgy has a broad definition and can provide living meaning to Christian worship and life. Using literature review, with an analytical-critical approach, this study traces the initial meaning of liturgy and follows its changes, as well as how it is interpreted today. Ultimately, it is realized that liturgy encompasses all of life; it is not limited to sacred spaces, let alone clerical vestments, but rather opens of entire life of the church to all.

Abstrak. Liturgi sering dipahami sebagai ibadah yang berlangsung di ruang-ruang sakral, bahkan terbatas di dalamnya. Namun, dalam asal-usul historisnya, liturgi memiliki makna yang luas dan dapat memberikan makna yang hidup bagi ibadah dan kehidupan Kristen. Menggunakan metode pustaka dengan pendekatan analistis-kritis, tulisan ini menelusuri makna awal liturgi dan jejak perubahannya serta bagaimana liturgi dimaknai saat ini. Pada akhirnya, disadari bahwa liturgi mencakup seluruh kehidupan; tidak terbatas pada ruang-ruang suci, apalagi busana klerikal, melainkan membuka seluruh kehidupan bergereja bagi semua orang.

Yudas Iskariot dan Narasi Pengampunan: Menggugat Finalitas Penghakiman dalam Tradisi Kristen

Tiopan Aruan — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 16:49:15 +0700

Abstract. The figure of Judas Iscariot has historically been labeled as a symbol of failure, betrayal, and eternal damnation. In many Christian traditions, the narrative of Judas Iscariot concludes with the final judgment, leaving no room for restoration or forgiveness. This article intends to challenge that understanding through a narrative approach and a hermeneutic of forgiveness, by re-examining the story of Judas Iscariot from theological, ethical, and pastoral perspectives. It compares the responses of remorse shown by Judas Iscariot and Peter, while also exploring insights from theologians such as Karl Barth, David Bentley, and Miroslav Volf. Thus, this paper highlights the possibility of forgiveness within God's plan of salvation—even for the “son of perdition.”

Abstrak. Tokoh Yudas Iskariot secara historis telah dilabel sebagai simbol kegagalan, pengkhianatan, dan kebinasaan kekal. Dalam banyak tradisi Kristen, narasi tentang Yudas Iskariot berujung pada finalitas hukuman, tanpa ruang untuk pemulihan atau pengampunan. Artikel ini berupaya menantang pemahaman tersebut melalui pendekatan naratif dan hermeneutika pengampunan, dengan menelaah kembali kisah Yudas Iskariot secara teologis, etis, dan pastoral, dan dengan membandingkan respons penyesalan Yudas Iskariot dan Petrus serta mengeksplorasi pemikiran dari teolog-teolog seperti Karl Barth, David Bentley, dan Miroslav Volf. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini menyoroti kemungkinan adanya ruang pengampunan dalam rencana keselamatan Allah, bahkan bagi “anak kebinasaan” sekalipun.

Manusia dalam Teologi Gregorius dari Nyssa: dari Penciptaan sampai Pemulihan Akhir

Yusuf Slamet Handoko, Hendi Hendi, Risno Djabu — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 16:49:15 +0700

Abstract. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the theological anthropology and eschatology of Gregory of Nyssa, from creation to the final restoration (apokatastasis). Using a historical-theological analysis of Gregory's primary texts, particularly De Opificio Hominis, as well as relevant secondary literature, this study systematically traces Gregory's thought. The result indicates that Gregory presents a dynamic vision of humanity as the Imago Dei, possessing a dual nature (microcosm and person), whose vocation to unite with God was interrupted by sin but is restored through the Incarnation and Resurrection of Christ, culminating in a universal restoration (apokatastasis) that transcends, yet does not negate, history and human freedom.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif antropologi teologis dan eskatologi Gregorius dari Nyssa, mulai dari penciptaan hingga pemulihan akhir (apokatastasis). Dengan menggunakan analisis historis-teologis terhadap teks-teks primer Gregorius, terutama De Opificio Hominis, serta karya-karya sekunder yang relevan, penelitian ini menelusuri pemikiran Gregorius secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gregorius menyajikan visi dinamis tentang manusia sebagai Imago Dei yang memiliki kodrat ganda (mikrokosmos dan pribadi), yang panggilannya untuk bersatu dengan Allah terganggu oleh dosa namun dipulihkan melalui inkarnasi dan kebangkitan Kristus, yang berpuncak pada pemulihan universal (apokatastasis) yang melampaui, namun tidak meniadakan, sejarah dan kebebasan manusia.

Integrasi Literasi Digital dan Teologi Inkarnasional dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen

Kristiani Kristiani, Oda Judithia Widianing — Tue, 02 Jun 2026 16:49:16 +0700

Abstract. The development of digital technology often creates a disparity between technical skills and spiritual maturity, which can lead to moral degradation in cyberspace. Therefore, the need for theological digital literacy is crucial. This study uses a literature review method to examine the synthesis of digital literacy and theological principles within the framework of Christ's incarnation. The results show that incarnational theology provides a theological and practical foundation for contextual Christian education to be present in the digital culture of society. This integration transforms the digital space into a locus of authentic faith encounters that guide the maturation of faith so that students can become witnesses of Christ in the digital space.

Abstrak. Perkembangan teknologi digital kerap kali menciptakan disparitas antara keterampilan teknis dan tingkat kedewasaan rohani yang berdampak pada degradasi moral di ruang siber. Maka, kebutuhan akan literasi digital yang bersifat teologis menjadi sangat krusial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan untuk mengkaji sintesis antara literasi digital dengan prinsip teologis dalam kerangka inkarnasi Kristus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teologi inkarnasional memberi fondasi teologis dan praktis kepada Pendidikan Kristen secara kontekstual untuk hadir dalam budaya masyarakat digital. Integrasi ini mengubah ruang digital menjadi locus perjumpaan iman sejati yang menuntun pendewasan iman sehingga peserta didik dapat menjadi saksi Kristus dalam ruang digital.

Rekonstruksi Simbolisme Laut dalam Alkitab: Hermeneutik Ekologis-Kontekstual Masyarakat Pesisir Maluku

Margaretha Martha Anace Apituley — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. The sea in the Bible is often used as a symbol of chaos and destructive power, influenced by ancient Southwest Asian cosmology and continental-oriented hermeneutics. This approach often ignores the ecological and spiritual dimensions in the experiences of coastal communities, particularly in Moluccas, who interpret the sea as a space of life and a sacred relationship with creation. This article aims to reconstruct the symbolism of the sea through ecological-contextual hermeneutics using intertextual analysis of key texts: Job 7:12, Isaiah 57:20, Mark 4:37–41, Revelation 13:1 & 21:1, and ethnographic data from eight coastal communities. The result shows that the sea reflects restoration, divine presence, and ecosystem vitality, opening space for the development of ecological spirituality and church involvement in preserving the sea as an integral part of God's creation.

Abstrak. Laut dalam Alkitab sering digunakan sebagai lambang kekacauan dan kekuatan destruktif, yang mana hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kosmologi Asia Barat Daya kuno dan hermeneutik continental oriented. Pendekatan ini sering mengabaikan dimensi ekologis dan spiritual dalam pengalaman masyarakat pesisir, khususnya di Maluku, yang memaknai laut sebagai ruang kehidupan dan relasi sakral dengan ciptaan. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk merekonstruksi simbolisme laut melalui hermeneutik ekologis-kontekstual dengan menggunakan analisis intertekstual teks kunci: Ayub 7:12, Yesaya 57:20, Markus 4:37–41, Wahyu 13:1 & 21:1, dan data etnografis delapan komunitas pesisir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laut mencerminkan pemulihan, kehadiran ilahi, dan vitalitas ekosistem, membuka ruang bagi pengembangan spiritualitas ekologis serta keterlibatan gereja dalam pelestarian laut sebagai bagian integral ciptaan Allah.

Homo Deus atau Deus Homo? Respons Teologi Kristen terhadap Narasi Posthumanisme

Obet Nego, Debby Christ Mondolu — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. This article examines the Homo Deus narrative popularized by Yuval Noah Harari and offers a Christian theological response through the contrast with Deus Homo. Harari envisions a future where technology enables humanity to overcome death, achieve happiness, and attain divinity. However, this narrative rests on the foundations of atheism, determinism, and hedonism, which exclude the spiritual dimension of humanity. Through a literature analysis, this article argues that Christian theology provides a more comprehensive alternative: God became human in Christ as the basis of salvation and human transformation. The incarnation, the cross, and the resurrection reject the illusions of posthumanism and affirm human dignity grounded in the imago Dei. Therefore, the future of humanity does not depend on technological achievements but on God’s promise of cosmic renewal.

Abstrak. Artikel ini mengkaji narasi Homo Deus yang dipopulerkan Yuval Noah Harari serta memberikan respons teologis melalui kontras dengan konsep Deus Homo. Harari menawarkan visi masa depan manusia yang didorong oleh teknologi untuk menaklukkan kematian, meraih kebahagiaan, dan mencapai keilahian. Namun narasi tersebut dibangun di atas fondasi ateisme, determinisme, dan hedonisme yang menyingkirkan dimensi spiritual manusia. Melalui pendekatan analisis literatur, artikel ini menegaskan bahwa teologi Kristen menghadirkan alternatif yang lebih utuh: Allah menjadi manusia dalam Kristus sebagai dasar keselamatan dan transformasi manusia. Inkarnasi, salib, dan kebangkitan Kristus menolak ilusi posthumanisme dan meneguhkan martabat manusia berdasarkan imago Dei. Dengan demikian, masa depan manusia tidak terletak pada pencapaian teknologi, melainkan pada janji Allah yang memulihkan ciptaan.

Baptisan Menggerejakan Umat: Menyikapi Penginjilan menurut Matius 28:19-20

Rasid Rachman — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. Some groups within Christianity, based on Matthew 28:19-20, associate the command to baptize with Christianization. This exposition shows that Jesus' mandate to His own disciples is to disciple all nations rather than to Christianize them. Discipling all nations mean educating and instructing everyone as the church's mission. Through literature study of mission, the history of baptismal liturgy, ritual practice, and my interpretation on Matthew 28:19-20, showing that Jesus commanded the disciples to disciple all nations and to cultivate the people. The results of the study show two things. First, Jesus' mandate in Matthew 28:19-20 is directed to baptized people to carry out the church's mission. Second, the church's mission as a manifestation of Jesus' mandate is a movement to educate and instruct the world, rather than Christianization. The implication of educating and instructing is to cultivate the people of the Church as a community of learners.

Abstrak. Beberapa pihak dalam kekristenan, berdasarkan Matius 28:19-20, mengaitkan perintah membaptis dengan kristenisasi. Paparan ini menunjukkan bahwa amanat Yesus kepada para murid adalah untuk memuridkan semua bangsa lebih dahulu ketimbang mengkristenkan. Memuridkan semua bangsa adalah mencerdaskan dan membelajarkan semua orang sebagai misi penginjilan gereja. Melalui kajian pustaka terhadap sejarah liturgi baptisan, praktik ritual, misi, dan tafsiran saya terhadap Matius 28:19-20 memperlihatkan Yesus memerintahkan para murid memuridkan semua bangsa dan menggerejakan umat. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan dua hal. Pertama, amanat Yesus dalam Matius 28:19-20 ditujukan kepada umat baptisan melakukan misi gereja. Kedua, misi gereja sebagai wujud amanat Yesus adalah gerakan mencerdaskan dan membelajarkan dunia, alih-alih kristenisasi. Implikasi mencerdaskan dan membelajarkan adalah menggerejakan umat sebagai umat pembelajar.

Ekumenisme Darah menurut Paus Fransiskus dan Relevansinya bagi Gerakan Ekumene di Indonesia

Gregorius Hertanto Dwi Wibowo — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. Christians in Indonesia face similar challenges in practising their faith. In addition, there is still the phenomenon of tense relations between Catholics and Protestants. The hope for brotherhood and unity among churches and Christian communities is often hampered by the desire to maintain their respective institutions. In fact, the experience of facing challenges has resulted in a history of martyrdom, which is a very important asset for christian unity. Through a literature review, the author aims to demonstrate that Pope Francis' concept of ecumenism can not only strengthen a sense of kinship among churches in Indonesia, but also provide a theological basis for the constructive presence of the church as a sacrament of salvation that is one and ecumenical in Indonesian society.

Abstrak. Umat Kristen di Indonesia mengalami kesamaan dalam menghadapi berbagai macam tantangan dalam mempraktikkan kehidupan imannya. Selain itu masih terdapat fenomena ketegangan relasi antara Katolik dan Protestan. Harapan akan persaudaraan dan persatuan antar Gereja dan komunitas Kristen sering kali terhambat oleh kepentingan untuk mempertahankan institusi masing-masing. Padahal pengalaman menghadapi tantangan telah menghasilkan sejarah kemartiran yang merupakan modal persekutuan yang sangat penting. Dengan metode studi literatur, penulis hendak menunjukkan bahwa konsep ekumene darah Paus Fransiskus tidak hanya dapat memperkuat rasa senasib di antara gereja-gereja di Indonesia, melainkan juga memberikan landasan teologis bagi kehadiran konstruktif gereja sebagai sakramen keselamatan yang satu dan ekumenis dalam masyarakat Indonesia.

The Ambiguous Migrant: From the Book of Ruth Toward a Theology of Migration

Devina Widiningsih, Robert Setio — Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The book of Ruth has long been interpreted as a story of loyalty, divine providence, and the inclusion of the foreigner into Israel. Yet beneath its pastoral surface lies a profound and productive ambiguity that has often been neglected in the history of its interpretation. This paper argues that Ruth the Moabitess embodies an irreducible ambiguity that challenges both nativist and liberal pieties about migration. Drawing on literary analysis, performance criticism, postcolonial theory (particularly Homi Bhabha’s concepts of hybridity, third space, mimicry, ambivalence, and unhomeliness), and a review of classic, feminist, and theological commentaries, we demonstrate that closure readings—whether theological, proselytizing, royal-apologetic, or feminist—domesticate the text’s subversive potential. By recovering Ruth’s ambiguity, this paper constructs a theology of migration that refuses easy answers, embraces liminality as revelation, and locates divine presence precisely in the spaces between certainty and resolution. The result is a situated, dialogical, performative, and hybrid theology that reimagines the migrant not as a problem to be solved but as a gift to be received.

From Kerygma Toward Martyria: The Meaning of Human Suffering as a Process of Transformation

Ferry Susanto, Riana Riana — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The Christian faith seeks to find meaning and value in the very real suffering that is present in human life. This study intends to find the deeper meaning for suffering than just viewing it as a misfortunate. This research will show that the Christian faith enables sufferers not only to overcome their own suffering but also to be transformed, becoming bridges of love to help others who are still struggling with their pain. The methodology used in this research is, literary study, biblical narrative on Gospel of Mark and Theology of Martyria of the author with his work serving the sick people. The suffering holds a transformative goal for those who endure it and the people around them. It takes enlightenment of the mind and heart for a person to discover and become aware of their calling as Christian. Analysis of the thought of C.S. Lewis and the story of demonic man in the Gospel of Mark present a theological perspective on suffering, the believers should not give up in facing of their pain. Finally, the presence of Rumah Teduh Suryo stands as a testimony that faith must be along with concrete action.

Ambivalensi Ekologis dan Rekontruksi Stewardship Berbasis Kalesang

Dian Felisia Nanlohy, Selvyen Sophia — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. The ecological crisis in the Inner Ambon Bay reflects a deeper crisis of relationships, ethics, and the spirituality of the faith community. This research examines the ethical response of the GPM Lateri congregation to coastal degradation since 2004, highlighting the tension between confessional faith and everyday ecological practice. This qualitative study employs a contextual theological reflection framework grounded in a praxis-transformative model. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis, and were analysed thematically in dialogue with the concept of stewardship. The finding reveals the dominance of a “humans above nature” paradigm and a shallow ecological ethic. The article reconstructs stewardship through a dialogue between Humanity with Nature and the value of Kalesang, proposing a relational and contextual model of ecotheology for Indonesia’s urban coastal communities.

Abstrak. Krisis ekologis di Teluk Dalam Ambon mencerminkan krisis relasi, etika, dan spiritualitas komunitas iman. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji respons etis jemaat GPM Lateri terhadap degradasi pesisir sejak tahun 2004 dengan menyoroti ketegangan antara pengakuan iman dan praksis ekologis sehari-hari. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan kerangka refleksi teologis kontekstual model praksis-transformatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik dengan mendialogkannya bersama konsep Stewardship. Temuan menunjukkan dominasi paradigma “manusia di atas alam” serta etika ekologis dangkal. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi Stewardship melalui dialog Humanity with Nature dan nilai Kalesang sebagai model Ekoteologi relasional dan kontekstual bagi masyarakat pesisir perkotaan Indonesia.

Gereja dengan Dinding Baru: Sebuah Tawaran Identitas Eklesiologi Relasional Berdasarkan Pemikiran Robert J. Banks dan Wayne A. Meeks

Fernando Hasudungan Situmeang, Jefri Hina Remi Katu — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. Generally, churches in Indonesia are still vulnerable to social challenges. On the one hand, churches are open to external values, but on the other hand, they are closed because they are considered to be detrimental to their teachings. The purpose of this study is to explain how the construction of a social theology of the church can respond to the problems related to open and closed churches. This paper will offer the concept of a new wall ecclesiology built on the thoughts of Wayne A. Meeks and Robert J. Banks on church relations. By placing relational ecclesiological freedom within the new wall, specifically bound freedom as a response to the social freedom of the church, this paper emphasizes the need for churches to open themselves and go out, but without losing their ecclesiological identity.

Abstrak. Secara umum, gereja-gereja di Indonesia masih rentan terhadap tantangan sosial. Di satu sisi, gereja terbuka pada nilai-nilai luar, namun di sisi lain tertutup karena dianggap dapat merusak ajarannya. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana konstruksi teologi sosial gereja dapat merespons permasalahan terkait gereja yang bersifat terbuka dan gereja yang tertutup. Tulisan ini akan menawarkan konsep eklesiologi dinding baru yang dibangun berdasarkan pemikiran Wayne A. Meeks dan Robert J. Banks mengenai relasi gereja. Dengan menempatkan kebebasan eklesiologi relasional di dinding baru, khususnya kebebasan terikat sebagai respons terhadap kebebasan sosial gereja, tulisan ini menekankan bahwa gereja-gereja perlu membuka diri dan keluar, tetapi tidak kehilangan identitas eklesiologinya.

Messianism as Religious Nationalism: Postcolonial Hermeneutics on Matthew 25:31–46

Deky Nofa Aliyanto, Yusak B. Setyawan, Izak Y.M. Lattu, Suwarto Adi — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Messianism in the Judeo-Christian tradition is closely related to the collective experience of political subjugation and socio-economic marginalization, particularly under Roman rule after the Jewish–Roman War (66–70 CE). This study analyzes Matthew 25:31–46 within this context using a postcolonial hermeneutic approach, interpreting messianism as a form of religious nationalism. The study presents two main findings. First, the figure of the “Son of Man” represents a form of religious nationalism that functions as symbolic resistance to Roman imperial authority. Second, the identification of the Messiah with “the least of my brothers” reflects religious nationalism as a form of national solidarity rooted in the lived experience of the oppressed. This study contributes to postcolonial biblical interpretation by highlighting how the text constructs collective identity and resistance within a colonized community. It also offers implications for Matthean studies by reframing the passage beyond ethical and eschatological readings toward its ideological and socio-political dimensions.

Menyegarkan atau Mengubah? Tinjauan Teologis terhadap Liturgi Ibadah Penyegaran Iman

Eltini Lumintang, Ventje Albert Talumepa — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. Amidst the phenomena of the religious marketplace and the silent exodus of youth, the Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa (GMIM) has adopted the Faith Refreshment Service (KPI) as a pastoral strategy. This study analyzes the theological tension within KPI practices: does the adoption of contemporary elements merely represent a refreshing contextualization, or does it risk changing the church's theological substance? This study employs a Practical Theology approach based on Richard Osmer's framework. Data collection was conducted through document research with a triangulation of normative data (Church Order), descriptive data (KPI Guidelines), and proxy data (song lyrics). The result shows a significant shift towards a fluid liturgical order and a dominance of first-person singular lyrics ("I") emphasizing intimacy and personal faith engagement. Normative evaluation indicates a risk of shifting from communal covenant theology to privatized spirituality which harbors the potential for ontological fallacy.

Abstrak. Di tengah fenomena religious marketplace dan silent exodus kaum muda, Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) mengadopsi Ibadah Penyegaran Iman (KPI) sebagai strategi pastoral. Kajian ini menganalisis tensi teologis dalam praktik KPI: apakah adopsi elemen kontemporer tersebut sekadar kontekstualisasi yang menyegarkan atau justru mengubah substansi teologi gereja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Teologi Praktika berdasarkan kerangka kerja Richard Osmer. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumen dengan triangulasi sumber data normatif (Buku Tata Ibadah), deskriptif (Panduan KPI), dan proksi (lirik lagu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran signifikan dalam ordo liturgi yang semakin cair dan dominasi lirik lagu berperspektif orang pertama tunggal (aku) yang menekankan aspek intimacy dan penghayatan iman secara personal. Evaluasi normatif mengindikasikan risiko pergeseran dari teologi kovenan yang komunal menuju menuju spiritualitas yang terprivatisasi, yang menyimpan potensi kekeliruan ontologis.

Keharaman Babi dalam Agama Abrahamik: Analisis Materialisme Kebudayaan Marvin Harris

Bimba Valid Fathony, Suparjo Suparjo — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. The prohibition of pork in Abrahamic religions is generally only associated with theological arguments based on highly dogmatic religious sacred texts. However, this research attempts to analyze the prohibition of pork from the perspective of Marvin Harris's cultural materialism, which seeks to break down theological arguments by showing that human culture is not formed by metaphysical matters, but rather by material conditions and the physical environment that determine human consciousness. With this approach, Harris attempts to explain cultural phenomena scientifically and materialistically by basing them on material and economic factors, thus challenging dogmatic theological explanations. The result of the study shows that the prohibition of pork is the result of societal adaptation based on concrete material and environmental conditions.

Abstrak. Keharaman babi dalam agama Abrahamik pada umumnya hanya dikaitkan dengan argumen teologis berbasis teks suci agama yang sangat dogmatis. Namun, riset ini mencoba menggali bagaimana keharaman babi dianalisis dalam perspektif materialisme kebudayaan Marvin Harris, yang berupaya mendobrak argumen teologis dengan memandang bahwa budaya manusia bukanlah terbentuk dari hal-hal metafisis, melainkan karena kondisi materi dan lingkungan fisik yang menentukan kesadaran manusia. Dengan pendekatan ini, Harris mencoba menjelaskan fenomena budaya secara ilmiah dan materialistik dengan mendasarkannya pada faktor-faktor materi dan ekonomi, sehingga menentang penjelasan teologis yang bersifat dogmatis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keharaman babi sebagai hasil adaptasi masyarakat berdasarkan kondisi materi dan lingkungan yang konkret dengan alasan praktis terkait lingkungan maupun ekonomi.

Rekonstruksi Ontologi Ruang Sakral yang Inklusif: Teologi Disabilitas, Kritik atas Ableisme, dan Implikasinya bagi Liturgi Injili-Pentakostal

Stefanus De Fatima Nahac, Yohanes Parapat — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. This paper argues that the exclusion of people with disabilities from participation in churches may be sustained not only by inadequate physical accessibility, but also by an ableist ontology of sacred space. Drawing on three interdisciplinary theories, including constructivist theology, and integrating disability theology and Edward Soja’s spatial trialectics, this study will reconstruct churches’ sacred space by developing a relational-participatory ontology centered on five core constructs. The most far-reaching practical implications are in liturgy and sacrament, while church architecture, leadership, record-keeping, and education remain supportive institutional conditions. This study contributes a conceptual model and evaluative framework for liturgy that is responsive to people with disabilities—positioning them as constitutive members of the body of Christ.

Abstrak. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa eksklusi penyandang disabilitas dari partisipasi dalam gereja dapat berlangsung bukan hanya karena rendahnya aksesibilitas, tetapi juga karena ontologi ruang sakral yang bersifat ableist. Dengan menggunakan teologi konstruktif, kajian disabilitas kritis, dan teori ruang, studi ini mendefinisikan ontologi tersebut sebagai seperangkat asumsi tentang apa yang menjadikan ruang gerejawi sakral, tubuh siapa yang diakui sebagai partisipan sah, serta bagaimana otoritas liturgis didistribusikan. Melalui dialog dengan teologi disabilitas dan trialektika spasial Edward Soja, penelitian ini merekonstruksi ruang sakral melalui ontologi relasional-partisipatif yang bertumpu pada kehadiran ilahi, kerentanan, resiprokalitas, partisipasi, dan keterlibatan. Implikasi praktis yang paling luas jangkauannya dalam liturgi dan sakramen, sementara arsitektur, kepemimpinan, pencatatan, dan pendidikan gereja tetap menjadi kondisi institusional yang mendukung. Studi ini menyumbangkan model konseptual dan kerangka evaluatif liturgi yang responsif terhadap penyandang disabilitas—dengan memposisikan mereka sebagai anggota konstitutif dari tubuh Kristus.

Milenium Religius Menuju Milenium Improvisasional: Relasi Eskatologi Kristen dan Teori Konspirasi

Endah Christina, Suwarto Adi — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to prove that a belief to conspiracy narration delivered by short social media clip has been changing religious millennium beliefs into improvisational millennium. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, some individuals believe that pandemic was triggered by global elite, who are the accomplices to the antichrist, to depopulate the population through the engineering of viruses and vaccines as biological weapons. As the result, those individuals refuse vaccination. Through a phenomenological approach with interviews as a method of data collection, the main argument as well as the conclusions is that conspiracy theories play a significant role in changing the premillennial eschatological belief of dispensational pretribulation (EPPD) into an improvisational millennium.

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan bahwa kepercayaan kepada narasi konspirasi di short video media sosial mengubah kepercayaan millenium religius menjadi millenium improvisasional. Dalam konteks pandemi COVID-19, sejumlah individu memercayai bahwa pandemi adalah depopulasi elit global yang adalah kaki tangan antikris (666) melalui rekayasa virus dan vaksin sebagai senjata biologi. Akibatnya individu tersebut tidak bersedia divaksin. Melalui pendekatan fenomenologi dengan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data, argumentasi utama sekaligus kesimpulan adalah teori konspirasi berperan signifikan mengubah kepercayaan Eskatologi Premillenial Prestribulasi Dispensasional (EPPD) menjadi millenium improvisasional.

Kasih Insani Yesus Bagi Dunia yang Rentan: Mendalami Dokumen Komisi Teologi Internasional (KTI) Perihal 1700 Tahun Nicea

Andreas Bernadinus Atawolo, Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata — Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Abstract. This study explores the humanity of Jesus as a constitutive point of Christological dogma: Jesus was truly human, not merely human in appearance. The purpose of this article is to offer a paradigm for Christian dialogue with a human face. The argument is examined through an integral analysis of the Nicene-Constantinople Creed, with an anthropological-theological perspective, especially drawing on the ITC’s view that the term homooúsios in the Nicene Creed has an equivocal meaning, teaching the dogma of both the divinity and humanity of Jesus. We conclude that Jesus embodied His divine nature in radical human love and that His love can be realized only through the unity of His will with the Father’s will. This humanity of Jesus voices a critique of the euphoria of apologia for faith in Indonesia through social media, which tends to be more defensive in doctrine but less articulate of the human-universal dimension. The Church should more clearly reflect the human face of Jesus.

Abstrak. Kajian ini mendalami topik keinsanian Yesus sebagai poin konstitutif dogma kristologi: Yesus sungguh manusia, bukan tampaknya saja manusia. Tujuan tulisan ini ialah menawarkan paradigma dialog yang berwajah insani bagi umat Kristiani. Argumen diulas dengan metode analisis integral tentang Credo Nicea-Konstantinopel, dengan perspektif antropologi-teologis, terutama berdasarkan pandangan KTI bahwa istilah homooúsios dalam Credo Nicea bermakna equivok, sebab mengajarkan dogma keilahian sekaligus keinsanian Yesus. Kami menyimpulkan bahwa Yesus mewujudkan hakikat ilahi-Nya dalam kasih insani yang radikal, dan kasih-Nya itu dapat terwujud hanya karena kesatuan kehendak-Nya dengan kehendak Bapa. Keinsanian Yesus ini menyuarakan kritik terhadap euvoria apologia iman di Indonesia melalui media sosial yang lebih cenderung defensif dalam doktrin, namun kurang menyuarakan dimensi insani-universal. Gereja hendaknya lebih terang memancarkan wajah insani Yesus.