Midrash sebagai Metode Eksegesis Yahudi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Penggunaan Perjanjian Lama oleh Rasul Paulus

Vivian Sadikin, Andreas Hauw

Abstract


Abstract. Some scholars argue that Paul's writings—even after his conversion—still reflect his rabbinic training, in which the Jewish exegetical methods were widespread used. This article aims to investigate the degree of influence of the midrash as a Jewish exegetical method on Paul's use of the Old Testament (OT). It begins with a clear explanation of the definition and characteristics of midrash. Then, the author takes several examples of Paul's writings and words in the New Testament (NT) that show parallels with the midrash. Furthermore, the author also examines the factors that make Paul's use of the OT different from midrash in general. Technically, midrash's influence in Paul’s use of OT is undeniable. However, the greater influence lies in Paul's theological presupposition, that is Christ as the fulfillment of the OT.

Abstrak. Sebagian ahli berpendapat bahwa tulisan Paulus—bahkan setelah pengalaman pertobatannya—masih mencerminkan pelatihan rabiniknya, yang di dalamnya metode eksegesis Yahudi bukan merupakan hal yang asing. Artikel ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar derajat pengaruh midrash sebagai metode eksegesis Yahudi terhadap penggunaan Perjanjian Lama (PL) oleh Paulus. Tulisan ini dimulai dengan pemaparan definisi dan karakteristik midrash yang jelas. Kemudian, penulis mengambil beberapa contoh tulisan maupun perkataan Paulus dalam Perjanjian Baru (NT) yang menunjukkan kesejajaran dengan midrash. Lebih lanjut, penulis juga meneliti faktor-faktor yang menjadikan penggunaan PL oleh Paulus berbeda dari midrash pada umumnya. Secara teknis, pengaruh midrash di dalam penggunaan PL Paulus memang tidak dapat disangkali. Namun, pengaruh yang lebih besar terletak pada prasuposisi teologis Paulus, yaitu Kristus sebagai penggenapan dari PL.


Keywords


exegesis; Pauline; Old Testament; New Testament; Judaism rabbinic; midrash; eksegesis; Paulus; Perjanjian Lama; Perjanjian Baru; rabinik Yudaisme

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i1.668

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