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Kompleksitas Hermeneutika: Penafsiran Empat Lapisan Makna Kitab Suci dalam Tradisi Patristik
Abstract
Abstract. This article analyzes the complexities of biblical hermeneutics within the Orthodox Patristic tradition, focusing on the concept of the four levels of meaning (sarkic, noetic, psychic, and anagogic) developed by the Church Fathers. Utilizing a historical-theological approach, this research explores the dialectical dynamics between the two primary exegetical centers: the Alexandrian School with its allegorical-spiritual method and the Antiochene School emphasizing the historicity of the text. The analysis demonstrates that these two traditions are complementary in shaping the holistic paradigm of Orthodox interpretation, wherein the literal, moral, spiritual, and eschatological meanings are understood as organically integrated strata within a unified whole.
Abstrak. Artikel ini menganalisis kompleksitas hermeneutika Kitab Suci dalam tradisi Patristik Ortodoks, dengan fokus pada konsep empat lapisan makna (sarkik, noetik, psikis, dan anagogik) yang dikembangkan oleh para Bapa Gereja. Melalui pendekatan historis-teologis, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dinamika dialektis antara dua pusat eksegesis utama Sekolah Aleksandria dengan metode alegoris-spiritualnya, dan Sekolah Antiokhia yang menekankan historisitas teks. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua tradisi tersebut saling melengkapi dalam membentuk paradigma holistik penafsiran Ortodoks, di mana makna literal, moral, spiritual, dan eskatologis dipahami sebagai strata yang terintegrasi secara organik dalam suatu kesatuan.
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